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Compare Haiti (2001) - Trinidad and Tobago (2005)

Compare Haiti (2001) z Trinidad and Tobago (2005)

 Haiti (2001)Trinidad and Tobago (2005)
 HaitiTrinidad and Tobago
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est 9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, and 1 ward

regional corporations: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco

city corporations: Port-of-Spain, San Fernando;

borough corporations: Arima, Point Fortin, Chaguanas

ward: Tobago
Age structure 0-14 years:
40.31% (male 1,421,945; female 1,385,580)

15-64 years:
55.52% (male 1,869,323; female 1,997,246)

65 years and over:
4.17% (male 140,556; female 149,899) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 20.7% (male 115,594/female 109,665)


15-64 years: 71% (male 403,301/female 369,664)


65 years and over: 8.3% (male 40,638/female 49,782) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood cocoa, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry
Airports 13 (2000 est.) 6 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
10

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
27,750 sq km

land:
27,560 sq km

water:
190 sq km
total: 5,128 sq km


land: 5,128 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly smaller than Delaware
Background One of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in 1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president in 2000, and took office early the following year. The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing.
Birth rate 31.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.81 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$317 million

expenditures:
$362 million, including capital expenditures of $84 million (FY99/00 est.)
revenues: $3.25 billion


expenditures: $3.193 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (2004 est.)
Capital Port-au-Prince Port-of-Spain
Climate tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Coastline 1,771 km 362 km
Constitution approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994 1 August 1976
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Haiti

conventional short form:
Haiti

local long form:
Republique d'Haiti

local short form:
Haiti
conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago


conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Currency gourde (HTG) -
Death rate 15 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.37 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $1 billion (1998 est.) $2.94 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Brian Dean CURRAN

embassy:
5 Harry Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince

telephone:
[509] 222-0354, 222-0269, 222-0200, 223-4776

FAX:
[509] 23-1641
chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN


embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain


mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain


telephone: [1] (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176


FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Louis Harold JOSEPH

chancery:
2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-4090

FAX:
[1] (202) 745-7215

consulate(s) general:
Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE


chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490


FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130


consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
Disputes - international claims US-administered Navassa Island Barbados will assert its claim before UNCLOS that the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into its waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to challenge this boundary as it may extend into its waters as well
Economic aid - recipient $730.6 million (1995) $24 million (1999 est.)
Economy - overview About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced little job creation since the former President PREVAL took office in February 1996, although the informal economy is growing. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. This destabilized the Haitian currency, the gourde, and, combined with a 40% fuel price hike in September, caused widespread price increases. Prices appear to have leveled off in January 2001. Trinidad and Tobago, the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a growing trade surplus. Prospects for growth in 2004 are good as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and liquified natural gas are expected to remain high, and foreign direct investment continues to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime.
Electricity - consumption 625 million kWh (1999) 5.341 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 672 million kWh (1999) 5.743 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
52.83%

hydro:
47.17%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
Environment - current issues extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups black 95%, mulatto and white 5% Indian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed 20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)
Exchange rates gourdes per US dollar - 23.761 (January 2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997), 15.093 (1996) Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.299 (2004), 6.2951 (2003), 6.2487 (2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jean-Marie CHERESTAL (since 9 February 2001)

cabinet:
Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the Congress

election results:
Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%
chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held in 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives


election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%
Exports $186 million (f.o.b., 1999) NA
Exports - commodities manufactures, coffee, oils, mangoes petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers
Exports - partners US 89%, EU 8% (1999) US 67.1%, Jamaica 5.7%, France 3.5% (2004)
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September 1 October - 30 September
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength) red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side
GDP purchasing power parity - $12.7 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
32%

industry:
20%

services:
48% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 2.7%


industry: 47%


services: 50.3% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $10,500 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.2% (2000 est.) 5.7% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 19 00 N, 72 25 W 11 00 N, 61 00 W
Geography - note shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic) Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Highways total:
4,160 km

paved:
1,011 km

unpaved:
3,149 km (1996)
total: 8,320 km


paved: 4,252 km


unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; vulnerable to money laundering transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis
Imports $1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1999) NA
Imports - commodities food, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals
Imports - partners US 60%, EU 13% (1999) US 23.9%, Venezuela 11.5%, Germany 11.2%, Brazil 10.7%, Spain 6.4%, Italy 5.1% (2004)
Independence 1 January 1804 (from France) 31 August 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 0.6% (1997 est.) 7.2% (2004 est.)
Industries sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, tourism, light assembly industries based on imported parts petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles
Infant mortality rate 95.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 24.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 26.23 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 19% (2000 est.) 3.3% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, Caricom (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 750 sq km (1993 est.) 30 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London
Labor force 3.6 million (1995)

note:
shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1998)
590,000 (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9% agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
275 km

border countries:
Dominican Republic 275 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
20%

permanent crops:
13%

permanent pastures:
18%

forests and woodland:
5%

other:
44% (1993 est.)
arable land: 14.62%


permanent crops: 9.16%


other: 76.22% (2001)
Languages French (official), Creole (official) English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese
Legal system based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; about eight seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next election NA 2004)

election results:
Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, OPL 1, other minor parties and independents 9
bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007)


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16


note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms
Life expectancy at birth total population:
49.38 years

male:
47.67 years

female:
51.17 years (2001 est.)
total population: 66.73 years


male: 65.6 years


female: 67.91 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
45%

male:
48%

female:
42.2% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98.6%


male: 99.1%


female: 98% (2003 est.)
Location Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
to depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total: 6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,178 GRT/3,633 DWT


by type: passenger 2, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 1 (United States 1)


registered in other countries: 4 (2005)
Military branches Haitian National Police (HNP)

note:
the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until constitutionally abolished
Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force: Ground Force, Coast Guard (includes Air Wing) (2004)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA; note - mainly for police and security activities $66.7 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 0.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,635,253 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
888,305 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
87,049 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 1 January (1804) Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Nationality noun:
Haitian(s)

adjective:
Haitian
noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)


adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
Natural hazards lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Natural resources bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Net migration rate -2.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -10.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines - condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES] National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago
Political pressure groups and leaders Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin BAKR]
Population 6,964,549

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
1,088,644 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (1998 est.) 21% (1992 est.)
Population growth rate 1.4% (2001 est.) -0.74% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain
Radio broadcast stations AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999) AM 4, FM 18, shortwave 0 (2004)
Radios 415,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
40 km (single track; privately owned industrial line) - closed in early 1990s

narrow gauge:
40 km 0.760-m gauge
-
Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982)

note:
roughly one-half of the population also practices Voodoo
Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.94 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.94 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better

domestic:
coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: excellent international service; good local service


domestic: NA


international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Telephones - main lines in use 60,000 (1997) 325,100 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 0 (1995) 361,900 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997) 4 (2004)
Terrain mostly rough and mountainous mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Total fertility rate 4.4 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.75 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (1999) 10.4% (2004 est.)
Waterways NEGL; less than 100 km navigable -
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